Rwanda rolls out soil and crop based fertiliser system to raise farm yields

RWANDA – Rwanda has introduced a soil and crop based fertiliser recommendations system that aims to improve farm yields across its varied farming zones while reducing waste and cost.

The Ministry of Agriculture says the system replaces uniform fertiliser advice that farmers have used for decades, even though soil conditions differ widely across the country.

A recent report prepared for the International Potato Centre Rwanda by Bester Tawona Mudereri links the shift to years of field research, digital tools, and joint work between public agencies, researchers, and private firms.

Rwanda’s soils range from volcanic areas to sandy and clay rich zones, yet farmers previously received the same fertiliser guidance regardless of location.

“This change reflects what the soil actually needs, not what tradition assumed,” said a senior agriculture official at the launch. “Farmers now receive advice that fits their land and their crops.”

The system runs on the Rwanda Soil Information System, known as RwaSIS. The platform collects and reviews soil data such as nutrient levels and erosion risks. It then turns that data into clear guidance for crops grown on each parcel of land.

RwaSIS works with the CGIAR AgWISE decision support system to match fertiliser type and quantity with soil and crop needs. This approach supports better nutrient use and steadier output.

Trial results and farmer feedback

Field trials across Rwanda show yield gains of up to 20 percent for potatoes. Rice, maize, and wheat held steady while farmers used less fertiliser. Researchers carried out more than 1,000 validation trials under semi controlled conditions before testing the system with over 8,000 farmers.

A phone survey of 1,200 farmers gathered views on use and results. Officials used the feedback to refine the advice. “The trials showed us what works on the ground, not just on paper,” said one researcher involved in the work.

The Smart Nkunganire System now delivers parcel level fertiliser guidance through the same platform that manages input subsidies. Extension officers also use the system during farm visits.

Local blends and private sector role

Rwanda has also opened its fertiliser market to private suppliers who follow the national guidance. The Rwanda Fertiliser Company, a joint venture between the government and OCP Africa, has launched three local blends called Twihaze, Ongera, and Ongera+.

“These blends respond to real soil limits like acidity and missing nutrients,” said an RFC representative. “They come from Rwandan data and serve Rwandan farms.”

Farmers who joined early trials report better crop response and more stable harvests. Agriculture experts say the link between soil data, digital delivery, and local production offers lessons for other countries seeking practical ways to raise output and protect soil health.

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